Introduction
The noun has only a few pre- and suffixes. Case, number and size are
expressed through the case article, a separate word defining the noun.
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The articles of case
The articles of case express the five cases, the singular and plural and the
diminutive and aggrandizing modes of the noun.
The cases
There are five cases:
- The subject case, this case is used for the subject of both the active and
passive voice.
- The object case, this case is used for the direct object of a sentence.
- The indirect object case, this case is used for the indirect object of a
sentence.
- The possessive case, this case is used to express true possession.
Nouns that are derived from verbs can have their former subject and objects
as an adjectival adjunct. In English and other European languages these
adjuncts are made a genitive case. In Aulingese they keep their original
case. (See the examples).
- The preposition case, this case is used when a preposition is used with
the noun. In the passive voice it is used (without a preposition) to express
the original subject of the active voice.
The number
The singular is used to indicate zero to one amount of the noun.
The plural is used for all other numbers.
The diminutive and aggrandizing modes
The diminutive indicates a small, or a deprecated instance of the noun.
The aggrandizing mode indicates a large or much valued instance of the noun.
Which meaning of the diminutive or aggrandizing modes is meant is dependant on
the word used and the context. Be careful! Mistakes can lead to very awkward
social situations!!
Table of the case articles
| case and number |
normal mode |
diminutive mode |
aggrandizing mode |
| 1st singular |
O |
oo |
Ot |
oot |
Où |
ooui |
| 2nd singular |
y |
y |
yt |
yt |
yù |
yui |
| 3rd singular |
à |
au |
àt |
aut |
àù |
auui |
| 4th singular |
ò |
oe |
òt |
oet |
òù |
oeui |
| 5th singular |
è |
eu |
èt |
eut |
èù |
euui |
| 1st plural |
Os |
oos |
ots |
oots |
Oùs |
oouis |
| 2nd plural |
ys |
ys |
yts |
yts |
yùs |
yuis |
| 3rd plural |
às |
aus |
àts |
auts |
àùs |
auuis |
| 4th plural |
òs |
oes |
òts |
oets |
òùs |
oeuis |
| 5th plural |
ès |
eus |
èts |
euts |
èùs |
euuis |
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Expression of the definite and the indefinite
article
The definite article is expressed by default, it has no pre- or suffix.
The indefinite article is expressed by the prefix e,e.
Gender
Usually the gender is not expressed. If it is necessary to do so, the
suffixes used for the personal pronouns can be used.
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Examples
| O UpO slAnoI y elòr. |
The man beats the child. |
| Oo uupoo slaangoie y eloer |
|
| O elòr no slAnoI è UpO. |
The child is beaten by the man. |
| Oo eloer ngoo slaangoie eu uupoo. |
|
| O è UpO y elòr slan. |
The child's beating by the man. (Note: eu uupoo (the man)
and y eloer (the child) are placed between the case article and the
noun.) |
| Oo eu uupoo y eloer slaang |
|
| Où eUpo fafoI y ecan à eelòr.è ton
Ac |
A big man gives a book to a boy in the house. |
| Ooui eüupo fafoie y echang au eëloer eu tong aach. |
|
| O ecan à eeloer nO fafoI èù eUpO.è
ton Ac |
A book is given to a boy by a big man, in the house. |
| Oo echang au eëloer ngoo fafoie euui eüupoo eu tong aach. |
|
| O èù eUpO y ecan à eelòr è ton Ac
fafu. |
The big man's gift to a boy of a book in the house. |
| Oo euui Uupoo y echang oe eëloer eu tong aach fafu. |
|
| O UpO aclOoI yts ò elge pent. |
The man loves his little children. (Note: oe elge (his) is placed
between the case article and the noun) |
| Oo uupoo achlooöie yts oe elge pengt |
|
| Ots ò UpO pent no aclOoI è elge |
The man's little children are loved by him. |
| Oots oe uupoo pengt ngoo achlooöie eu elge. |
|
| O yts ò elge pent è UpO
aclOu. |
The man's love for his little children. |
| Oo yts oe elge pengt eu uupoo achlooü |
|
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