The word order
	The nominal part of the predicate
	The use of àn, ìz and òd
	Clauses

1. As all adjectives are considered to be participles of the verb with the meaning "to be ... (meaning of adjective)", sentences in which the nominal part is an adjective are very straightforward:

   mènaz òtrav	mènaz òtrav	the beautiful woman
   Mènaz òtodav.	Mènaz òtodav.	The woman is beautiful.
   mènin biru	mènin biru	the big man
   Mènin bidu.	Mènin bidu.	The man is big.

   
   
2. When the nominal part is a noun a verb can be constructed that means: "to be .... (meaning of the noun)". This verb is made by adding the gender ending of the noun to the root and then placing the verb ending.
   

   lèîzobuto	leizobuto	to bake
   lèîzobutin	leizobutin	baker
   lèîzobutuo	leizobutuo	to be a baker
   Mènin lèîzobutuodu.	Mènin leizobutuodu.	The man is a baker.

   
   
3. A second way to construct the sentence when the nominal part is a noun is by enclosing the nominal part with àn, ìz, or òd (see below for further details). The first leg is declined as a verb, the second leg is the fixed particle àmei, ìsei, or òtei respectively. If no other parts of the sentence follow then the second leg is often omitted.
   

   Mènin ànodu ulèîzobutin >àmèî.	Mènin ànodu ulèîzobutin (àmei).	The man is a baker.
   Folaz mènaz ìzida badaz]g >ìsèî.	Folaz mènaz ìzida badaz-g (ìsei).	This woman is my mother.
   Benin òdodu origin mènas òtraz >òtèî.	Benin òdodu origin mènas òtraz (òtei).	The boy is the son of the ugly woman.

Top

The use of àn, ìz and òd

Àn, ìz and òd straddle any words or expressions to make them into nouns. They take the case endings, but are always in the neuter gender. The expression between both legs of àn, ìz, or òd is not declined. Specifically this leads to the following uses of this construction:

1.  To express appositions. In this case the expression between the legs of àn, ìz, or òd corresponds in case and number to the noun it refers to.
   

   Imènin àn badin]g àn lèîzobutuodu.	Imènin àn badin-g àn lèîzobutuodu.	This man, my father, is a baker.
   Ufarun ìs Dirun ìs duèrderogu.	Ufarun ìs Dirun ìs duèrderogu.	The First, the Maker I honor.
   Arogu zoèn òèd Rinabè òèd ju]o.	Arogu zoèn òèd Rinabè òèd ju-o.	I am in the city of Rina.

    
2. To express the nominal part of the predicate. This is enclosed in àno .... àmei, ìzo ... ìsei, or òdo ... òtei, the first leg being a verb, the second a fixed particle that can be omitted at the end of the sentence. See for examples above.
    
3. To construct clauses. The sentence that is used as a clause is embedded in two instances of àn, ìz, or òd and which are then declined. See for examples below.
    
4. To decline words that would not be otherwise inflectable, for instance in fixed expressions or foreign words that have not been adapted to the Aninese language. If the embedded part is one word than the second leg is often omitted.
   

   àn Animodid >àn.	Àn Animodid (àn)	The coming into Anina (proto-Aninese expression)
   ìz Pàut >ìz.	ìz Paut (ìz)	Paut, name of the hell according to Aulingese religion

   
   

1. By straddling the clause with àn, ìz, or òd. These are put before and after the clause in the case corresponding to the function of the clause in the sentence.
   

   Àn avin dom ju]o idodu àn, maras dazaduadodo mènim gi.	Àn avin dom ju-o idodu àn, maras dazaduadodo mènim gi.	That he is on his way home, gladdens the man's wife.  (subject clause)
   Àm avin dom ju]o ididu àm, maraz docoidab mènim g.	Àm avin dom ju-o ididu àm, maraz docoidab mènim g.	The man's wife knew that he was coming home. (direct object clause)
   Àèn èn avin domob ju]o maididu àèn, maraz zaduidav mènim g.	Àèn èn avin domob ju-o maididu àèn, maraz zaduidav mènim g.	Because he hadn't come home, the man's wife was angry. (adverbial clause)

   Dissection of the examples:

   Àn	avin	dom ju-o	idodu	àn	maras	dazaduadodo	mènim	gi
   "That" (subject)	he (referring to mènim)	to the house	he is going	("that")	wife (direct object)	it is gladdening her	the man's	referring to maras

   
   

   Àm	avin	dom ju-o	ididu	àm	maraz	docoidab	mènim	g.
   "That" (direct object)	he	to the house	he was going	("that")	wife (subject)	she didn't know it	the man's	referring to maraz

   
   

   Àèn èn	avin	domob ju-o	maididu	àèn	maraz	zaduidav	mènim	g.
   "Because"	he	not to the house	he had come	("that")	the wife (subject)	she was angry	the man's	referring to maraz

   
   

2. By constructing the adverb of the verb in the clause and using a conjunct. This construction is only possible with adverbial clauses.

   Ènè avin domob ju]o maidirèî, maraz zaduidav mènim g.	Ènè avin domob ju-o maidirei, maraz zaduidav mènim g.	Because he hadn't come home, the man's wife was angry.
   Nuvè avin dom ju]o maidorèî, maraz razaduoda mènim g.	Nuvè avin dom ju-o maidorei, maraz razaduoda mènim g.	After he has come home, the man's wife is glad.

   
   
3. By constructing the participle of the verb in the clause. Its case corresponds to the case of the noun it refers to in the main sentence, its voice is made so that the referred noun is always the subject in the clause. The subject is therefore usually omitted from the clause. This construction is only possible with adjectival and adverbial clauses.

   Ènè domob ju]o maidirun, maraz zaduidav mènim g.	Ènè domob ju-o maidirun, maraz zaduidav mènim g.	Because he hadn't come home, the man's wife was angry.
   Nuvè dom ju]o maidora, maraz razaduoda mènim g.	Nuvè dom ju-o maidora, maraz razaduoda mènim g.	After she has come home, the man's wife is glad.
   Maraz zadoda <ro gè mènièn dom ju]o idora.	Maraz zadoda, ro gè mènièn dom ju-o idora.	The wife is glad, of whom the man is coming home. (ra corresponds to maraz, ro gè is used to turn "of whom" into the subject (which is impossible in English).

author@uteged.comvarin@uteged,gom